A Multi-Elements Isotope Approach to Assess the Geographic Provenance of Manila Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) via Recombining Appropriate Elements

The increasing global consumption of seafood has led to increased trade among nations, accompanied by mislabeling and fraudulent practices that have rendered authentication crucial. multi-isotope ratio analysis is considered as applicable tool for evaluating geographical authentications but requires information experience select target elements such isotopes, through a distinction method based on differences in habitat physiology due origin. present study examined recombination conditions multi-elements facilitated geographically distinct classifications the clams sort out appropriate elements. Briefly, linear discriminant (LDA) was performed according several combinations five stable isotopes (carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δD), sulfur (δ34S)) two radiogenic (strontium (87Sr/86Sr) neodymium (143Nd/144Nd)), classification results Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Democratic People’s Republic Korea (DPR Korea), China were compared. In conclusion, with at least four (C, N, O, S) including S revealed remarkable cluster distribution clams. These findings expanded application systematic analyses, trace origins R. collected Korea, China, DPR Korea.